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Steel weight: the d²/162 formula

Every site in Pakistan sizes rebar with one short formula. Here is exactly where it comes from, a ready-reference weight table, and a bundle worked all the way to kilograms.

Key takeaways

  • Weight per metre (kg/m) = d² ÷ 162, with d in millimetres.
  • The 162 bundles together π/4, steel density 7,850 kg/m³, and the mm-to-m conversion.
  • For weight per foot use d² ÷ 533 instead.
  • Total weight = kg/m × bar length × number of bars.

The quick answer

The weight of a round steel bar, in kilograms per metre, is its diameter squared divided by 162: kg/m = d² ÷ 162, where d is the nominal diameter in millimetres. A 12 mm bar is 12² ÷ 162 = 144 ÷ 162 = 0.888 kg/m. Multiply by the bar length and the number of bars to get the total order weight. For imperial sites the per-foot version is d² ÷ 533.

Where 162 comes from

The weight of a bar is just its cross-sectional area times the density of steel. Start from the area of a circle, A = (π ÷ 4) × d², with d in mm. Multiply by steel's density (7,850 kg/m³) and divide by 1,000,000 to convert mm² to m². Collapsing the constants:

kg/m = (π ÷ 4) × d² × 7850 ÷ 1,000,000 = d² × 0.0061654 = d² ÷ 162.28 ≈ d² ÷ 162

So 162 is not arbitrary — it is 1 ÷ 0.0061654, rounded. The same logic gives the per-foot constant: 162.28 × 3.281 ft/m ≈ 532.6, rounded to 533. The steel weight calculator applies these constants for any diameter, length and bar count.

Per-metre weight reference table

These are the standard rebar diameters and their unit weights from d²/162. Steel is normally sold in tonnes, so these per-metre figures are what convert a cutting list into a purchase order.

Bar dia (mm)Weight (kg/m)Weight (kg/ft)Per 12 m bar
80.3950.1204.74 kg
100.6170.1887.40 kg
120.8880.27010.66 kg
161.5800.48118.96 kg
202.4690.75129.63 kg
253.8581.17446.30 kg
326.3211.92475.85 kg

A worked example: a bundle of 16 mm bars

You need 25 bars of 16 mm rebar, each 12 m long, for a beam. Step by step: weight per metre = 16² ÷ 162 = 256 ÷ 162 = 1.580 kg/m. Per bar that is 1.580 × 12 = 18.96 kg. For all 25 bars: 18.96 × 25 = 474 kg, or about 0.474 tonne. At a rate of, say, Rs 280,000 per tonne the steel for this bundle is roughly Rs 132,700 at current local pricing.

This is exactly how a bar-bending schedule is totalled: compute kg/m per diameter, multiply by cut length and quantity, then sum by diameter before ordering by weight.

From bars to a whole slab

For a reinforced slab you usually do not list every bar — you estimate steel as a rate per cubic metre of concrete (around 80 kg/m³ for a typical slab) and refine later with a bar schedule. The RCC slab calculator uses that rate to give a quick steel estimate alongside the concrete quantities.

Frequently asked questions

What is the d²/162 formula for steel weight?

Weight per metre (kg/m) = d² ÷ 162, with d the bar diameter in mm. A 12 mm bar is 144 ÷ 162 = 0.888 kg/m.

Where does the number 162 come from?

It is (π/4) × density (7,850 kg/m³) ÷ 1,000,000 inverted — the constants give d² ÷ 162.28, rounded to 162.

How do I get weight per foot instead of per metre?

Use d² ÷ 533, which folds the 3.281 ft/m conversion into the 162 constant.

Sources: the d²/162 (kg/m) and d²/533 (kg/ft) formulas derive from the circular cross-section area (π/4 · d²) and the standard steel density of 7,850 kg/m³, consistent with standard trade practice for HYSD/TMT reinforcement-bar unit weights. Per-metre values rounded to three decimals.

Last reviewed 2026-06-14

Educational estimate only. Bar unit weights have a manufacturing tolerance, and reinforcement design must follow a structural drawing. Consult a qualified engineer for any structural steel.